Spiaggia di Rosignano Solvay

The service begins at the port at the landing stage of your ship, the driver will have a sign with the name of the person who has booked. After the introductions the driver will take you to the vehicle which is a Mercedes Benz minivan. From the port you will head to Florence where, after a short stop in Piazzale Michelangelo to take photos of the best panorama of Florence, the driver will drop you off in the main square of the city. From there you will have plenty of time to visit Florence, the cathedral, the square della Signoria, Palazzo Vecchio, Ponte Vecchio, etc. Before leaving, you will agree with the driver for the time and place of pick up. the transfer from Livorno to Florence takes about 1 hour and a half. You will be taken back to the port and dropped off exactly where you were picked up in the morning.

Relax after your journey with a stress-free private transfer to your accommodation in Florence. Meet your driver at the Livorno Pier and enjoy a safe, comfortable, and relaxing 1.5-hour ride to your hotel. - One-way private transfer from Livorno Port to your accommodation in Florence - Service available 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, year-round - Save time and money: fixed rates, no surprises - Stress-free transfer to ensure you arrive on time for your flight - Friendly and professional driver - Mercedes Benz car for 1-2 people - Mercedes Viano or Sprinter minivan for 3-8 people

Visit "Terre del Marchesato" vineyards, winery and make a wine-tasting for a 75 minutes experience tour. Nestled 3mi (5 km) from the village center of Bolgheri, you're just a 10 minute drive from this unique wine tasting opportunity. "Terre del Marchesato" is one of the oldest wineries of Bolgheri. The tour offers the chance to visit vineyards, wine cellar and taste wines matched with bread and Tuscan extra virgin olive oil.

If you are looking for a nice experience far away by the crowd you are in the right page, our private tour is made even more special by our tour guide attentive care , we will show you our local friends in the middle of the Tuscany region and the wine and food are the best !

Complete your Livorno cruise with this smart travel package that includes the hop-on hop-off service in Livorno and the transfer service in Pisa; visit one of the most iconic Italian art sites in the world, the Leaning Tower of Pisa! Depart for Pisa to visit the wonderful Piazza dei Miracoli with its iconic Leaning Tower; take the time for your free visit to the art area and then we will take you back to your ship right on time. Explore the most interesting points of Livorno, a port city in Tuscany rich in ancient and modern history. Be captivated by the beautiful Mascagni Terrace and the historic indoor central market.

Our signature itinerary of the Cinque Terre gives you the best of the legendary villages, as well as a quick stop in Pisa. KIDS 12 AND UNDER TOUR FOR FREE! Our expert driver will pick you up right at the ship. We will visit Portovenere, Manarola, Vernazza, and Corniglia -- the most beautiful and indicative places in the Cinque Terre area. For cruisers with time constraints, this itinerary gives you the most effective use of your time. Taking the ferry to travel from Portovenere to Manarola and Vernazza is recommended so that you can fully appreciate the glory of the coastline but it is optional (extra cost). IMPORTANT NOTES: In Italy drivers can share information while you are in the vehicle but are NOT permitted to go with you once leave the vehicle. The Cinque itinerary is NOT customizable, except to skip Corniglia so that you can spend more time in Vernazza.

The best unforgetable tour in Tuscany in order to discover the real life in Tuscany. You will visit the great countryside, you will discover the old wineries so you can understand the old and news wine-making process. Vineyards, olive trees, old houses, this is just something you will find in your tour. San Gimignano, the ancient medieval village, considered one of the most beautiful village in Italy.

Once on the bus it will be time to leave for the first stop of this tour, Pisa! Along the way to this iconic city you will be provided with useful information to make you fully enjoy your experience in Pisa in total freedom! By choosing the option with the entrance ticket to the Leaning Tower you will be able to climb to the top of the famous Tower of Pisa and enter withpriority access inside the spectacular Cathedral. After discovering the beauties of Pisa you will get back on the bus and you will arrive in Manarola, the smallest and most characteristic village of the Cinque Terre. We will arrive at the parking lot of the village, where the bus will be waiting for you on your return. During your visit to the beautiful and colorful village you can relax by bathing in the crystal clear water of the Mediterranean Sea. After taking lots of photos of your unique experience you will return to the bus and together we will leave to return to the port on time for your departure

Enjoy the Cinque Terre region with the best views from the water, and a stop in Pisa to see the famous sites. You will be driven to Riomaggiore and Manarola... time permitting to Monterosso. Enjoy a wine tasting of the famous wine "Sciacchetrà," a typical DOC wine from Cinque Terre vineyards. The driver will be waiting in Monterosso, to pick you up and drive back to Pisa, where you will stop in "Miracle Field", the most famous square with the "Leaning Tower," the Duomo and the Baptistery. The vehicle used is a Mercedes van which can hold up to 8 passengers for a full-day private excursion.

When your cruise ship docks in Livorno and you have only a single day to visit the surrounding Italian towns of Siena and San Gimignano, you’ll need a privately guided shore excursion to see the best of these picturesque cities. On this nine-hour day tour, immerse yourself in Italian life, explore the beautiful city of Siena and walk the medieval streets of San Gimignano before returning to your cruise ship in Livorno. Your private driver will pick you up at your ship at Livorno port and take you on a scenic two-hour drive through the Tuscan countryside. You’ll reach Siena, where the beauty and character of this sleepy city will stun you and make you feel like you have stepped back in time.

Visit Florence and have the oportunity to visit the Uffizi Museum OR Accademia Museum (as your option choose) with a private tour. Explore the streets comfortably by our van. Visit Pisa and see the Leaning Tower

This tour can be family oriented but also adventurous. We take you to the back roads and places to get a glimpse of real Italy The mountain disrtict of Garfagnana and the Roman ship yard of Pisa are just an example.

Spend a day through the Chianti sweet hills. A wonderful Experience between art, wine and local food to discover vineyards, towers and typical farms. • Meet your driver escort at your Cruise Ship in Livorno and visit the tuscan countryside. • First stop to Volterra, for sure one the most beautiful viewpoint of the region. Free visit of the town (historic centre, Etruscan acropolis and the Roman theatre). • After Volterra we'll move to a real Tuscan farm, to understand the secrets of wine production and enjoy a lunch with home made pasta and 5 Chianti wine tastings included: (Chianti, Chianti Riserva, Sangiovese, Vernaccia) • After lunch we will visit the magnificent Towers of San Gimignano and the pictoreque historical centre, tasting the best "gelato of the world" (Gelateria Dondoli). San Gimignano is also known for its typical artisan shops and for the incredible panorama that surrounds it. • The return in Livorno port is scheduled at around 17.00 pm. Take a look "What to Expect"..

This private tour will make you discover and enjoy the essence of this land known for its breathtaking landscapes that for centuries has been giving a products known and appreciated worldwide: the Chianti wine!  Upon request is possible to customize your itinerary and visit one or more wineries!

Experience two of Tuscany’s most iconic cities on a private shore excursion from Livorno. Travel in comfort with an English-speaking chauffeur in a luxury Mercedes-Benz vehicle as you explore Florence’s Renaissance landmarks and the world-famous Piazza dei Miracoli in Pisa. Enjoy panoramic views from Piazzale Michelangelo, admire the Duomo complex and Ponte Vecchio, and savor a traditional Tuscan lunch arranged at a local restaurant. Unlike crowded group excursions, this experience is fully private, customizable, and paced according to your ship schedule. While the chauffeur is not a licensed guide, he will share historical insights and local knowledge throughout the day. A private guide in Florence can be arranged upon request. Operated by Best Rome Driver, with nearly 20 years of experience, this tour guarantees reliability, professionalism, and timely return to your ship.

TDC - Drivers for Shore Excursions & Bike Tours provides professional drivers for private shore excursions from Livorno port. Our drivers will be pleased to offer you a fully relax Tuscany experience with a safety return to your ship. A car hire service with driver is the best way to maximize your time during the ship docking in Livorno port. Our vehicles are allowed to enter the historic center of all Tuscan cities, as in this case Pisa & Lucca. The drivers will meet you at the dock (near the ship) and they will be at your disposal to plan the best itinerary according to your needs.

Top of the range Mercedes private minivan transfer, WIFI on board, air conditioning, drivers available for the duration of the tour, English speaking driver.

Private shore excursion with english speaking driver and Mercedes minivan to Le Cinque Terre from Livorno port. very flexible to suits client's needs and desires

The service begins at the port at the landing stage of your ship, the driver will have a sign with the name of the person who has booked. After the introductions the driver will take you to the vehicle which is a Mercedes Benz minivan. From the port you will head to Florence where, after a short stop in Piazzale Michelangelo to take photos of the best panorama of Florence, the driver will drop you off in the main square of the city. From there you will have plenty of time to visit Florence, the cathedral, the square della Signoria, Palazzo Vecchio, Ponte Vecchio, etc. Before leaving, you will agree with the driver for the time and place of pick up. the transfer from Livorno to Florence takes about 1 hour and a half. You will be taken back to the port and dropped off exactly where you were picked up in the morning.

Enjoy the Cinque Terre region with the best views from the water, and a stop in Pisa to see the famous sites. You will be driven to Riomaggiore and Manarola... time permitting to Monterosso. Enjoy a wine tasting of the famous wine "Sciacchetrà," a typical DOC wine from Cinque Terre vineyards. The driver will be waiting in Monterosso, to pick you up and drive back to Pisa, where you will stop in "Miracle Field", the most famous square with the "Leaning Tower," the Duomo and the Baptistery. The vehicle used is a Mercedes van which can hold up to 8 passengers for a full-day private excursion.

When your cruise ship docks in Livorno and you have only a single day to visit the surrounding Italian towns of Siena and San Gimignano, you’ll need a privately guided shore excursion to see the best of these picturesque cities. On this nine-hour day tour, immerse yourself in Italian life, explore the beautiful city of Siena and walk the medieval streets of San Gimignano before returning to your cruise ship in Livorno. Your private driver will pick you up at your ship at Livorno port and take you on a scenic two-hour drive through the Tuscan countryside. You’ll reach Siena, where the beauty and character of this sleepy city will stun you and make you feel like you have stepped back in time.

Visit Florence and have the oportunity to visit the Uffizi Museum OR Accademia Museum (as your option choose) with a private tour. Explore the streets comfortably by our van. Visit Pisa and see the Leaning Tower

This private tour will make you discover and enjoy the essence of this land known for its breathtaking landscapes that for centuries has been giving a products known and appreciated worldwide: the Chianti wine!  Upon request is possible to customize your itinerary and visit one or more wineries!

Private shore excursion with english speaking driver and Mercedes minivan to Le Cinque Terre from Livorno port. very flexible to suits client's needs and desires

Hello everyone! This is a unique way to explore the best of the Cinque Terre in a day together with our professional drivers. We will pick you up directly in the port of Livorno by your cruise ship and start the drive to the Cinque Terre, a stunning UNESCO World Heritage Site. We will visit 3 villages (we will choose the best ones depending on weather conditions, viability, ferry and train timetable) but you can also customize the itinerary! You will have free time for shopping and lunch in one of the villages. This is an amazing day out in one of the most beautiful coastal areas of Italy! Get your camera ready!

Customised Pisa and Florence shore excursion from the port of Livorno for the discerning traveller seeking an authentic Italian experience on a small group tour with only the very best of English speaking drivers with great character and wide-ranging knowledge. Discover Italy 'close up' in Mercedes sedans or minivans from 2-7 people taking you into the very heart of each city. Get the most of your time ashore to explore both the powerful 11th century Maritime city of Pisa and magnificent Renaissance Florence. As your tour is private pickup time from port and itinerary can be personalised just for you!

This excursion from the port of Livorno is perfect for families and active adults who don't want a long touring day or lots of driving. Our itinerary includes a brief stop in Pisa to take photos of the Leaning Tower and other monuments on the Field of Miracles, three hours in the beautiful walled city of Lucca, and a generous, homemade lunch and wine tasting at a family-run winery in the Montecarlo di Lucca wine region. Kindly note: The cost of lunch is NOT included in the rate. You'll pay for lunch on the spot, directly to the winery.

Let’s visit Lucca and Pisa in 1 day! On board our shuttle bus with our expert excort you will easly let you reach and visit this 2 cities. We grant you the return on time at the cruise ship! Once you will arrive in Lucca our escort will lead you trough the most important lendmarks like the Torre Guinigi, the Anfitatro square and the san Frediano Church, at the end you will have some free time; if you wish you can add to your guided tour a typical lunch in the city center. Fall in love with Pisa and the amazing Piazza Dei Miracoli: the most popular attraction in Pisa where you will have free time to visit the Leaning Tower, the Cathedral and the Baptistery or realaxing In the green meadow under the shadow of one of this monument.

If you are stopping for the day at the port of Livorno and want to visit Florence, this round-trip transfer makes the logistics a snap. Board the bus directly at the cruise port for the non-stop drive to the center of Florence, near the train station area, where you can start exploring the city, cradle of the Renaissance, considered an "open-air museum" and its numerous masterpieces for 5 hours. If you want to be sure to optimize your time, choose the "walking with local tour leader" option to be sure to see all the main monuments from the best point of view and use your free time for shopping and taste local food. For the complete experience, you can add the ticket for the Accademia Gallery. This allows you to guarantee your entry to see Michelangelo’s world-famous David and other extraordinary works.

We have to tell you: we have a soft spot for this special city. It is a magical place, that still maintains that authenticity and genuiness of the artisans and the little local shops. And what about the leaning tower? Is something you cannot miss! I will pick you up at the port directly under the boat with my professional van, and I will drive you through the hills of Tuscany until we will arrive at our destination. At every attraction, our driverguide will stop the van trying to offer you an exclusive and comfortable experience. Then, our driverguide will explain you everything he/she knows: it will be like watching the view from the eyes of a local. Let us guide you inside the city walls of the 1500 and show you all the secrets spots and the historical attractions of this charming place in the middle of Tuscany! We will also stop for a light lunch in a typical Tuscan winery: wine tasting, some food and a little tour inside the cellar! AUTHENTICITY.

Exclusive tour in a top-of-the-range mercedes van, professional English and Spanish speaking driver, you won't have to take long walks because our vehicles are authorized to enter historic centers so the driver will leave you directly a few meters from the places of interest and will at your complete disposal for the entire duration of the tour.

Pisa is one of the top destinations in Tuscany and is very close to Livorno but reaching the tower by public transport can be troublesome, it can take a lot of time than expected and be careful which train you take because it can be even more expensive than you imagine! Low Cost Transfer from Livorno to Pisa, Piazza dei Miracoli, suitable for cruises passengers who want to visit the famous Leaning Tower without problems. Comfortable return trip with coach. You can add to your transfer the entrance ticket at the Leaning Tower of Pisa, the entrance time at the Tower is indicated on the ticket that we will give you before getting on the bus.

After meeting your tour leader at the meeting point, you will start the trip to one of the most beautiful and famous cities worldwide: Florence! Discover this Tuscan paradise and let yourself be enveloped by the art and history that you will find in each of its alleys. The day will start with a tasting of delicious typical Tuscan products, the perfect way to gather the energies before your visit! In your free time, you can admire the majesty of the Duomo, one of the most impressive buildings in Italy. Walk through the most beautiful squares such as Piazza Repubblica and Piazza della Signoria. Travel through time while taking photos at the Ponte Vecchio, one of the most beautiful and treasured symbols of the city! In Florence, you will find some of the most recognized pieces of art, such as Michelangelo's David. If you want to appreciate the original, you can visit the Accademia Gallery, where you can see this and other brilliant works of art.

Live a different experience from the tours with the ship's bus. On board our vehicles with permission to enter the historic centers, you will be accompanied within walking distance of the main and famous tourist attractions, just like a VIP! Our driver will give you a lot of information to better appreciate the places you will visit. The first stop will be Pisa where you will take a short tour of the city with a stop in Piazza dei Miracoli to see with your parents the incredible beauty of the Leaning Tower. Continue to Florence, stopping at Piazzale Michelangelo to admire the view from one of the most suggestive points. Continuing through the historic center of Florence, we will drive through the narrow streets passing in front of the Church of Santa Croce and the San Lorenzo Point of Sale, until arriving in Piazza della Repubblica, where you will have free time to visit the Duomo, Piazza della Signoria, Ponte Vecchio and the Shopping Streets. Return to the port of Livorno in time to resume the ship.

Live a magical adventure visiting one of the most recognized cities in Italy in the company of an expert tour leader, and admire the famous Leaning Tower of Pisa with this excursion designed only for cruise passengers!

Discover Florence and Pisa, two of the most famous cities in Tuscany, when your cruise arrives at the port of Livorno and enjoy our special shore excursion in the company of an expert tour leader! Let yourself fall in love with one of the most beautiful cities in the world, Florence! Stroll through its alleys full of history and enjoy its charming monuments. When we arrive in town, we will go to the San Lorenzo Market where you will find the best typical products of the region and where you can taste delicious and typical cookies called Cantucci. Discover the most beautiful squares such as Piazza Repubblica. Discover Piazza della Signoria and take pictures on the emblematic Ponte Vecchio, without a doubt one of the most precious symbols of the city! After our magical stop in Florence, we will go to Pisa, where you can explore Piazza dei Miracoli, which we will access through the Santa Maria gate, one of the entrances of the old wall that used to surround the city.

Semi-Private Small-Group (up to 8 people) Cinque Terre and Pisa leaning tower tour in a Black Mercedes Minivan. Only in a small group, it becomes possible to visit the Cinque Terre and experience all the true magic of this enchanted coastline. We will visit 3 of the 5 villages on Cinque terre, using trains and boat. Usually the towns we visit are Riomaggiore, Manarola and Vernazza. You can hike, it you wish to, from Riomaggiore to Manarola. 1 hour hike (this is subject to availability based on weather/danger). The driver will follow you by boat/train. Public boats also operate subject to weather conditions and along the Cinque Terre from April until about the 3rd week of October.

If you love an outdoor adventure, our Cinque Terre tour is sure to add a little something special to your Italian holiday. Join us and explore some of the country’s most beautiful coastal towns and admire the stunning landscapes on a guided tour you’re sure to remember for life. - The only round trip, one day tour from Florence to all five Cinque Terre villages - Explore the Italian Riviera and enjoy spectacular coastal views - Free time in the villages for wine tasting, souvenir shopping or for a swim in the turquoise waters at one of the area’s beaches - A scenic boat ride along the Cinque Terre coastline (end March to end October only - weather permitting) - Tour is only in English (not different languages contemporarly) to ensure maximum quality and customer service

Relax after your journey with a stress-free private transfer to your accommodation in Florence. Meet your driver at the Livorno Pier and enjoy a safe, comfortable, and relaxing 1.5-hour ride to your hotel. - One-way private transfer from Livorno Port to your accommodation in Florence - Service available 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, year-round - Save time and money: fixed rates, no surprises - Stress-free transfer to ensure you arrive on time for your flight - Friendly and professional driver - Mercedes Benz car for 1-2 people - Mercedes Viano or Sprinter minivan for 3-8 people

If you are looking for a nice experience far away by the crowd you are in the right page, our private tour is made even more special by our tour guide attentive care , we will show you our local friends in the middle of the Tuscany region and the wine and food are the best !

Complete your Livorno cruise with this smart travel package that includes the hop-on hop-off service in Livorno and the transfer service in Pisa; visit one of the most iconic Italian art sites in the world, the Leaning Tower of Pisa! Depart for Pisa to visit the wonderful Piazza dei Miracoli with its iconic Leaning Tower; take the time for your free visit to the art area and then we will take you back to your ship right on time. Explore the most interesting points of Livorno, a port city in Tuscany rich in ancient and modern history. Be captivated by the beautiful Mascagni Terrace and the historic indoor central market.

Our signature itinerary of the Cinque Terre gives you the best of the legendary villages, as well as a quick stop in Pisa. KIDS 12 AND UNDER TOUR FOR FREE! Our expert driver will pick you up right at the ship. We will visit Portovenere, Manarola, Vernazza, and Corniglia -- the most beautiful and indicative places in the Cinque Terre area. For cruisers with time constraints, this itinerary gives you the most effective use of your time. Taking the ferry to travel from Portovenere to Manarola and Vernazza is recommended so that you can fully appreciate the glory of the coastline but it is optional (extra cost). IMPORTANT NOTES: In Italy drivers can share information while you are in the vehicle but are NOT permitted to go with you once leave the vehicle. The Cinque itinerary is NOT customizable, except to skip Corniglia so that you can spend more time in Vernazza.

The best unforgetable tour in Tuscany in order to discover the real life in Tuscany. You will visit the great countryside, you will discover the old wineries so you can understand the old and news wine-making process. Vineyards, olive trees, old houses, this is just something you will find in your tour. San Gimignano, the ancient medieval village, considered one of the most beautiful village in Italy.

Once on the bus it will be time to leave for the first stop of this tour, Pisa! Along the way to this iconic city you will be provided with useful information to make you fully enjoy your experience in Pisa in total freedom! By choosing the option with the entrance ticket to the Leaning Tower you will be able to climb to the top of the famous Tower of Pisa and enter withpriority access inside the spectacular Cathedral. After discovering the beauties of Pisa you will get back on the bus and you will arrive in Manarola, the smallest and most characteristic village of the Cinque Terre. We will arrive at the parking lot of the village, where the bus will be waiting for you on your return. During your visit to the beautiful and colorful village you can relax by bathing in the crystal clear water of the Mediterranean Sea. After taking lots of photos of your unique experience you will return to the bus and together we will leave to return to the port on time for your departure

This tour can be family oriented but also adventurous. We take you to the back roads and places to get a glimpse of real Italy The mountain disrtict of Garfagnana and the Roman ship yard of Pisa are just an example.

Spend a day through the Chianti sweet hills. A wonderful Experience between art, wine and local food to discover vineyards, towers and typical farms. • Meet your driver escort at your Cruise Ship in Livorno and visit the tuscan countryside. • First stop to Volterra, for sure one the most beautiful viewpoint of the region. Free visit of the town (historic centre, Etruscan acropolis and the Roman theatre). • After Volterra we'll move to a real Tuscan farm, to understand the secrets of wine production and enjoy a lunch with home made pasta and 5 Chianti wine tastings included: (Chianti, Chianti Riserva, Sangiovese, Vernaccia) • After lunch we will visit the magnificent Towers of San Gimignano and the pictoreque historical centre, tasting the best "gelato of the world" (Gelateria Dondoli). San Gimignano is also known for its typical artisan shops and for the incredible panorama that surrounds it. • The return in Livorno port is scheduled at around 17.00 pm. Take a look "What to Expect"..

Experience two of Tuscany’s most iconic cities on a private shore excursion from Livorno. Travel in comfort with an English-speaking chauffeur in a luxury Mercedes-Benz vehicle as you explore Florence’s Renaissance landmarks and the world-famous Piazza dei Miracoli in Pisa. Enjoy panoramic views from Piazzale Michelangelo, admire the Duomo complex and Ponte Vecchio, and savor a traditional Tuscan lunch arranged at a local restaurant. Unlike crowded group excursions, this experience is fully private, customizable, and paced according to your ship schedule. While the chauffeur is not a licensed guide, he will share historical insights and local knowledge throughout the day. A private guide in Florence can be arranged upon request. Operated by Best Rome Driver, with nearly 20 years of experience, this tour guarantees reliability, professionalism, and timely return to your ship.

TDC - Drivers for Shore Excursions & Bike Tours provides professional drivers for private shore excursions from Livorno port. Our drivers will be pleased to offer you a fully relax Tuscany experience with a safety return to your ship. A car hire service with driver is the best way to maximize your time during the ship docking in Livorno port. Our vehicles are allowed to enter the historic center of all Tuscan cities, as in this case Pisa & Lucca. The drivers will meet you at the dock (near the ship) and they will be at your disposal to plan the best itinerary according to your needs.

Top of the range Mercedes private minivan transfer, WIFI on board, air conditioning, drivers available for the duration of the tour, English speaking driver.

Are you a cruise traveler docking in Livorno, eager to immerse yourself in the rich history and captivating charm of Florence and Pisa? Join us for an unforgettable full-day shore excursion that will dazzle and enchant you. Discover iconic landmarks, from the majestic Florence Cathedral to the timeless grandeur of Piazza dei Miracoli. Stroll across the charming Ponte Vecchio, capture stunning photos at Piazza della Signoria, and soak in the vibrant atmosphere of the Piazza del Mercato Centrale. Explore the world-famous Leaning Tower in Pisa and uncover even more hidden gems along the way. For your convenience, we’ve arranged seamless transportation with a guaranteed timely return to your ship, making your adventure effortless and enjoyable. Book now and let us unveil the treasures of Florence and Pisa, just as we locals cherish them!

Discover Pisa and Lucca on this tour from Livorno port, travelling in the comfort of a private air-conditioned vehicle. Your first stop will be Pisa, where you will get off very close to the UNESCO-listed Square of Miracles. You will have about 1 hour of free time to explore the square and its beautiful monuments: the iconic Leaning Tower, the Cathedral, the Baptistry and the Campo Santo.(entrance tickets not included) Enjoy a scenic drive along the 'lungarni' of Pisa before transferring to Lucca, a quaint city that retains the charm of an ancient Italian City State. The massive and still-intact Renaissance walls which enclose the city, the maze of medieval streets, the imposing towers, the elegant boutiques, the beautiful squares and the Romanesque churches will captivate you. You will be amazed by such unexpected beauty. Get on board and enjoy the tour!

ARE YOU READY FOR A GREAT DAY with LIMOSERVICEINITALY? FLORENCE AND WINE TASTING IN TUSCANY Enjoy a day exploring the highlights of Florence and a wine tasting with light lunch in Tuscany! The morning will be spent in Florence city center where our driver will show you the main highlights of this enchanting g city. You will have time also for shopping! Then off to one of our selected winery in the famous Chianti Wine Region for an amazing Wine Tasting paired with with a traditional light lunch. Get your camera ready!!

Explore Florence and Pisa at your own pace, this transfer-only tour is the perfect choice! The first stop will be Florence, where you will have about 3 and a half hours of free time to soak up the atmosphere of the cradle of the Renaissance. You can stroll through the heart of the city, admiring architectural masterpieces such as the Duomo, Giotto's Bell Tower, Ponte Vecchio and Piazza della Signoria, or enjoy some shopping or relaxation at the famous Central Market. In the afternoon, the journey will continue to Pisa, where you will have about 75 minutes to explore the striking Piazza dei Miracoli on your own. You can admire the famous Leaning Tower of Pisa, the Baptistery and the Cathedral, take unforgettable photos or simply relax in the shade of these iconic monuments.

Are you a cruise traveler docking in Livorno, eager to immerse yourself in the rich history and captivating charm of Florence and Pisa? Join us for an unforgettable full-day shore excursion that will dazzle and enchant you. Discover iconic landmarks, from the majestic Florence Cathedral to the timeless grandeur of Piazza dei Miracoli. Stroll across the charming Ponte Vecchio, capture stunning photos at Piazza della Signoria, and soak in the vibrant atmosphere of the Piazza del Mercato Centrale. Explore of the world-famous Leaning Tower in Pisa and uncover even more hidden gems along the way. For your convenience, we’ve arranged seamless transportation with a guaranteed timely return to your ship, making your adventure effortless and enjoyable. Book now and let us unveil the treasures of Florence and Pisa, just as we locals cherish them!

Discover the best of Florence and Pisa with a comfortable, direct shore excursion perfect for cruise passengers arriving in Livorno. Enjoy quick transfers, dedicated assistance, and various options to customize your day. What to Expect At the meeting point—easy to reach with provided instructions—you’ll be welcomed by our recognizable staff, who will provide a city map, free Wi-Fi, free wine tasting voucher and priority boarding on the bus. You’ll travel directly to Florence, arriving at the train station area, the perfect starting point to immerse yourself in the “Cradle of the Renaissance,” a living open-air museum. You’ll have approximately 3.5 hours of free time to explore iconic squares, artistic masterpieces, and historic streets.

Discover Pisa and Florence on this tour from Livorno port, travelling in the comfort of a private air-conditioned vehicle. Your first stop will be Pisa, where you will get off very close to the famous Leaning Tower. Enjoy 1 hour of free time to explore the UNESCO-listed Square of Miracles and its stunning monuments before transferring to Florence. First stop in Florence will be at Piazzale Michelangelo, a panoramic square on top of a hill where the view of the city will leave you speechless! You will have the chance to take beautiful pictures over Florence. Continue your day visiting the historic centre and its highlights. With our vehicles you can reach the very heart of the city and have more time to discover the beauty of Florence. Get on board and enjoy the tour!

Experience an unforgettable adventure at 5 Terre, with our excursion you will discover the most charming villages: Levanto, Monterosso, Vernazza, Manarola e Riomaggiore suspended between sea and land, designated by Unesco as a world heritage site. You can choose to discover those amazing villagies with our expert mulingual excort that will guide you for the full day, you will move from village to village by train and you will go back on board a motorvassel aloght the 5 Terre cost, you will see how amazing is the view from the sea! During the day you will have some free time to enjoy those beautiful and colored villages, to taste some of the most delicious dishes as pasta al pesto, or olives, or focaccia or wines. If you prefer discovering those villages by yourself you can chose the transfer only option that includes only the transportation (not train and boat tickets) from Florence and you can enjoy and move along the villages as you prefer.

Discover the best of Tuscany with a Chianti Wine Tour from Florence, a top-rated experience combining wine tasting, scenic countryside, and authentic Italian flavors. Travel through the famous Chianti region, known for rolling hills, vineyards, olive groves, medieval castles, and historic Romanesque churches. Depart from Florence with an expert tour escort and visit two selected Chianti wineries. Enjoy guided cellar tours, learn about traditional and organic winemaking methods, and taste premium Chianti wines paired with typical Tuscan snacks. Enhance your day by selecting the morning Chianti Cooking Class. Prepare traditional Tuscan recipes using fresh, local ingredients and enjoy a tasting of 4 premium wines carefully paired with your creations. It’s the perfect combination of hands-on cooking and wine tasting in the heart of Tuscany.

See the best of Tuscany in one full day with round-trip transport from Florence, an expert English-speaking guide, and time in three of the region's most iconic destinations. Walk the medieval streets of Siena and stand in Piazza del Campo, home of the famous Palio horse race, then continue to a family-run Chianti winery for a guided cellar tour and a curated tasting of six wines paired with artisanal olive oil. A traditional three-course Tuscan lunch with cheeses, cured meats, Lasagne al Tartufo, and ribollita follows, before you finish in San Gimignano, the UNESCO-listed hilltop town known as Medieval Manhattan. Pick the version of the day that fits you best: a full-day group tour with Siena, the winery lunch, and San Gimignano. Or, a half-day group tour focused on Chianti wineries and lunch.

A day trip exploring Tuscany with visits to 2 wineries. Taste 8 different types of wine, three extra virgin olive oils, balsamic vinegar and Tuscan snacks. Enjoy amazing scenery and visit San Gimignano, all in one day! This is a great opportunity to meet other travellers and enjoy the Tuscan countryside while sampling and learning about wines.

You'll discover the history of the baptistery, the Cathedral and its stunning exterior, the numerous sculptures on Giotto's bell tower and you'll walk through the Museo dell'Opera del Duomo, where you come face to face with the original masterpieces created for the Florence Cathedral, discovering the stories, faith, and extraordinary talent of artists such as Donatello, Michelangelo, and Lorenzo Ghiberti, whose works once adorned the cathedral itself. You will climb Brunelleschi's Dome, the city's emblem and the largest of its kind in the world (with skip the queue Florence Duomo tickets). The inside of the dome is covered in 3600 square meters of paintings, making it the biggest painted surface in the entire globe. When you reach the summit, the breathtaking views of the city below are an ultimate reward for all of your hard effort; you will never forget how you see this incredible metropolis. It truly is an incredible opportunity that you cannot afford to pass up!

You can find out the marvelous associated to the Michelangelo’s David, by joining the Accademia Gallery Tour, of about one hour long, conducted by professional licensed guides. In addition to exploring the highlights of the gallery, you will get to skip the line which barricades the entry to the museum on a daily basis. Choose from one of the seven departure times available when you book.

Discover the timeless magic of Pisa and its world-famous Leaning Tower! No trip to Italy is complete without seeing this iconic landmark — and this half-day tour from Florence makes it easy. After a scenic drive through the Tuscan countryside, your guide will lead you through Porta Santa Maria, where the stunning view of Piazza dei Miracoli opens before you: dazzling white marble, lush green lawns, and one of the most breathtaking panoramas in Italy. Explore with a professional guide, hear the stories behind Pisa’s medieval wonders, and step inside the magnificent Romanesque Cathedral. Then enjoy free time to wander among the Baptistery, the Monumental Cemetery, and of course, the legendary Leaning Tower. Before heading back to Florence, you’ll have plenty of time for photos and fun in one of Italy’s most iconic squares.

Get an early start on an amazing day journeying out of Florence, and its man-made masterpieces, because you are off to the Italian seaside. Admire nature’s artistry in Liguria, a spectacular region and home of Cinque Terre – the much acclaimed string of seaside villages along the Italian Riviera. Steep terraces adorned with colorful homes and vineyards, rugged fishermen reeling in their daily catches, and the region’s most famous flavor – pesto. All experiences you can enjoy on this tour.

Discover Florence Cathedral and see the city from 2 exclusive and breathtaking point of views: the terraces and Brunelleschi's magnificent Dome. Our tour is fully guided by an official expert: don't miss the opportunity to learn everything about the frescos you will admire from a short distance while you are climbing the Dome. Exclusive access to the terrace is reserved, not available to the general public. Additionally, you'll have the opportunity to be among the first to enter, escorted by the official key-holder of the day

Florence Chianti Vespa Tour with wine tasting and Tuscan meal: ride through the Tuscan hills on an original Piaggio Vespa or Fiat Topolino e-car, depending on the option selected. Leave Florence by minivan and reach the Chianti countryside before starting your ride, avoiding city traffic. After a safety briefing and orientation, follow your professional tour escort along scenic country roads, vineyards, olive groves, medieval villages and panoramic viewpoints. Stop at a Chianti winery for a guided cellar visit, wine tasting and extra-virgin olive oil tasting. Depending on the departure time, enjoy a traditional Tuscan lunch or dinner with local flavors and regional wines. Prefer four wheels? Choose the Fiat Topolino e-car option and enjoy the same Chianti landscapes, winery visit, wine tasting and Tuscan meal in a stylish electric vehicle. This experience combines Italian style, Tuscan countryside, Chianti wine, local food and a small-group adventure from Florence.

There’s more to Tuscany than Florence. Leave the city behind and discover three other enchanting Tuscan destinations on this day trip to Siena, San Gimignano and Pisa. Take a guided tour of beautiful Siena, famous for its bareback horse race and the Gothic Siena Cathedral, and taste typical Tuscan food and wine during a 3-course lunch in a local winery or restaurant surrounded by picture-postcard Tuscan landscapes, where vineyards, rolling hills and olive groves will be your travel companions. Then, enjoy free time to explore San Gimignano, a picturesque medieval village, and Pisa, home to the UNESCO-listed Leaning Tower of Pisa.

Discover the real essence of the Tuscan countryside, driving through amazing postcard views; departing from Florence, in a small group, that means top comfort and quality, you will see Greve in Chianti, you will have a guided visit to 3 of the best wine estate, you will enjoy a genuine Tuscan light lunch, and you will taste and compare different wines, olive oil and other typical products. This unique experience will finish with your trip back to Florence in the afternoon.

Venture into the gastronomic haven that is Florence, known throughout Italy for its exceptional wine, succulent steaks, and gelato. But do you know where to discover the true essence of this magnificent city's culinary treasures? Embark on a captivating walking food tour that transcends the well-trodden tourist path, leading you to the hidden gems that epitomize Florence's finest and most authentic gastronomic delights. Enjoying 14 tastings divided over 4 different stops, your trusted foodie guide, a connoisseur of Florence's culinary tapestry, will illuminate your journey with their extensive knowledge of the city's culinary highlights. Together, in the company of a small group of maximum 12, you will explore the enchanting Santo Spirito and Oltrarno district, immersing yourself in the vibrant pulse of local life. A relaxed pace will allow you to savour each moment, as you uncover the culinary secrets held within Florence's time-honoured eateries.

Skip long lines with priority access tickets to see the Florence Duomo, one of the city’s most striking architectural masterpieces. Maximize time with this express tour, learning about the building’s history and art from a local guide. See stained-glass windows, elaborate frescoes, and Vasari’s The Last Judgment that lines the 375-foot high dome.

Spend the day discovering the highlights of the Tuscan countryside on this guided tour, together with its amazing art cities and tasting food & wine. Make your way through the rolling hills as you discover the charm of Pisa, San Gimignano, and Siena. Your first stop will be Pisa. See the cathedral, baptistery, and, of course, the famous Leaning Tower, one of the most iconic buildings in the world. From Pisa, drive past hilltop hamlets scattered across some of the most enchanting areas of the countryside. Arrive in San Gimignano where a Tuscan lunch with wine pairing will be served (if option selected). Continue to the medieval village of San Gimignano, UNESCO World Heritage site nicknamed the “Manhattan of the Middle Ages” because of its towers. End the tour in Siena. Stroll the pedestrian historical center and visit the beautiful cathedral (if option selected). Take a walking tour along the medieval streets and squares, passing the oldest bank in the world, and Piazza del Campo.

Seeing the sights of Florence can involve a lot of walking. Cover the ground, including hidden lanes that traditional cars can't enter, without wearing out your shoe leather on this private tour. Open sides offer wraparound views of the city's UNESCO World Heritage-listed historic center. Upgrade to the panoramic tour to include a stop at a romantic fountain and Piazzale Michelangelo for sweeping rooftop vistas. • A wide choice of departure times lets you plan your day and fit more in • This private tour ensures plenty of attention from your driver-guide • Get hassle-free round-trip transfers from anywhere in the historic centr • Enjoy a more intimate experience with a golf cart just for your group

People from all over the world come to Florence to see him — David. This iconic statue, sculpted by Michelangelo, is widely regarded as one of the most celebrated works of art in history. Towering at over five meters tall, David represents the pinnacle of Renaissance sculpture, capturing both the idealized beauty of the human form and the intense psychological tension of the biblical hero before battle. More than just a statue, David has become a universal symbol of strength, youthful courage, and the enduring power of human creativity. As you walk through the halls of the museum, you’ll also discover the history behind Michelangelo’s Slaves — unfinished sculptures originally intended to adorn the tomb of Pope Julius II. In addition, take time to admire masterpieces by Botticelli, Ghirlandaio, Giambologna, and explore the fascinating Museum of Musical Instruments!

Be amazed by the rolling hills of Tuscany and don’t miss out on this lovely half day wine tasting experience in the famous Chianti wine region! Spend the day strolling around Tuscan countryside, known around the world for its gentle hills, gaping views, and bursting with rows of vineyards. Visit 2 beautiful wine estates, whose belief is that making wine is an art. Walk around the vineyards, where the owners produce their fine Chianti wines, and explore the cellars while learning about the wine making process. After, take a seat on the beautiful terraces of the wine estates and relax with some appetizing, local Tuscan products to accompany your Chianti wine tasting! Indulge in the locally produced extra virgin olive oil, cheese, and salami while you taste up to 3-4 different wines in each winery! Don't miss this Chianti vineyards escape from the hustle and bustle of the city and explore the wonderful Chianti wine region, among good wine, rolling hills, cypresses and colorful flowers!

Drive your own stylish Vespa through Tuscany, just as the locals do, on this 4-hour small-group tour from Florence! Following your guide, leave Florence and head to the hills, passing beautiful attractions like the Church of San Miniato al Monte and Piazzale Michelangelo. Finish in the best way possible, with a relaxing and typically delicious Tuscan meal at our country estate. Menu for lunch is bruschetta, pasta and a cheese and salami board Numbers are limited to 10 people on this fun-filled Vespa tour, ensuring you'll enjoy a more personalized experience.

Enjoy a 1.5-hour guided tour of the Uffizi Gallery with priority entrance access. Learn about the must-see masterpieces hiding in the labyrinth. Explore 50 rooms with more than 1800 paintings, sculptures, and antiques that stand as witnesses to the richness and splendor of Roman heritage. Witness highlights of the collection from Botticelli’s “Birth of Venus” and “Primavera,“ to Michelangelo’s Tondo Doni and Caravaggio’s Medusa. This tour includes entrance fees, a guide and headsets.

• Time Entry Ticket Unforgettable experience with genuine tour • 4-hour small group (max 10-15 people) tour of the Accademia and the Uffizi • Discover the incredible masterpieces of Renaissance art • Priority entrance to the most important museums of Florence • Walking tour through Duomo Square and Piazza Della Signoria The “Florence & Global ” Touch. See Florence the right way with us Want to see Florence with a guide but are not keen on being herded around in a large, impersonal group. or spending a fortune for a private tour? Look no further. “Florence & Global ” tours are designed for the selective traveller, providing all the benefits of a private tour with the group tour value.

Embark on a full-day tour from Florence to discover two of Italy's most captivating destinations: the enchanting Cinque Terre and the historic city of Pisa. Begin your journey with a scenic coach ride to the Cinque Terre National Park, a UNESCO World Heritage site known for its breathtaking landscapes. The first stop is Manarola, a charming village with pastel-colored houses and narrow streets, where you'll have free time to explore its picturesque corners. Next, take a short train ride to Monterosso al Mare, the largest of the Cinque Terre villages, renowned for its sandy beaches and crystal-clear waters. Relax by the sea, swim, or stroll through the village's streets. Afterward, head to Pisa, famous for its historical and architectural treasures. Visit the iconic Piazza dei Miracoli, home to the Leaning Tower, the Cathedral, and the Baptistery. Capture unforgettable photos of these medieval masterpieces. Go Back to Florence, filled with memories of natural and cultural beauty.

Skip the line and dive into Florence’s Duomo Complex—the heart of the Renaissance. This small-group guided tour isn’t sightseeing. It’s fire. The Baptistery blinds with Medici gold. The Museum unleashes Michelangelo’s fury. The Cathedral façade roars with Dante’s Florence. Every stop hits like a scene you thought you knew but never lived. Then the choice: ⚡ Express — the teaser. Fast, sharp, shocking. Baptistery + Museum + façade. No filler. Adrenaline only. ⭐ Giotto Tower — the thriller. After the tour, the climb begins. Steps pound like war drums. Legs burn, lungs scream, Florence detonates beneath you. ‼️ Brunelleschi’s Dome — the finale. The forbidden climb. Reserved slot. 463 steps of sweat and obsession. And then—your moment at the top. Florence explodes 360° around you. More epic than any movie, more brutal than any test. This isn’t sightseeing. This is survival. This is glory. ⚠️ Dome spots are brutally scarce. Once they’re gone—they’re gone. Book now. Regret forever.

Discover the most authentic and panoramic side of Florence on an elegant golf cart tour, designed for travelers who want to experience the city beyond the usual tourist routes. Starting from Porta Romana, one of the historic gates of Florence, you will travel through peaceful, tree-lined streets toward the charming Giardino del Bobolino and the historic Villa Galileo in Arcetri, where Galileo Galilei spent his final years. Continue to the magnificent Basilica of San Miniato al Monte, one of Florence’s finest Romanesque churches, offering breathtaking views over the city. The tour concludes at the iconic Piazzale Michelangelo, the city’s most famous panoramic terrace, with unforgettable views of the Duomo, the Arno River, and Florence’s terracotta rooftops. Travel in comfort aboard a golf cart, reaching scenic viewpoints and hidden corners with ease. A relaxing and memorable experience combining history, culture, and spectacular landscapes.

Visiting Florence for the first time? This is the best way to see it all in one day. Skip the long lines and explore the city’s must-see highlights with an expert local guide, including priority access to Michelangelo’s David at the Accademia Gallery and the world-famous Uffizi Gallery. With timed entry tickets, you’ll spend more time experiencing Florence’s greatest masterpieces and less time waiting. Your expert art historian guide brings the Renaissance to life — explaining why David is one of the most iconic sculptures in the world and how Italian art evolved into the vibrant works that changed Western culture. Between museum visits, enjoy a guided walk through Florence’s historic centre, passing the Duomo, Ponte Vecchio, and the bustling Leather Market. Ideal for first-time visitors who want a comprehensive, stress-free introduction to Florence’s art, history, and culture — all in one perfectly planned day.

As the sun drops over the Arno River, you'll cross into Oltrarno, the quieter half of Florence that locals never left. Your guide walks you into a centuries-old fiaschetteria for local wine paired with plates built on Tuscan cucina povera, out to a wine window still used exactly as it was in Florence's plague years, and into a deli where the self-appointed King of Cheese let's you try his best pecorino and parmigiano cheeses. There's a Negroni lesson at a historic wine shop, a slow-cooked stew to go with your Super Tuscan wine, and a gelato finish from the shop Florentines voted their own favorite. A small group, and six or seven carefully selected stops.

Visit "Terre del Marchesato" vineyards, winery and make a wine-tasting for a 75 minutes experience tour. Nestled 3mi (5 km) from the village center of Bolgheri, you're just a 10 minute drive from this unique wine tasting opportunity. "Terre del Marchesato" is one of the oldest wineries of Bolgheri. The tour offers the chance to visit vineyards, wine cellar and taste wines matched with bread and Tuscan extra virgin olive oil.

In the picturesque Venezia Nuova district of Livorno, a hands-on pasta-making class awaits inside the Fortezza Nuova, one of Livorno's two great 16th-century Medici fortresses. Here, you're not just making pasta you're stepping back in time, immersed in centuries of Italian history and culinary tradition. Led by Sarah, a fresh pasta expert with over 5,000 satisfied clients, this 2-hour experience guides you through making traditional pappardelle entirely by hand, just like Italian grandmothers have done for generations. Delight in tasting your creations, paired with two glasses of prosecco and wine. Families are welcomed, and kids can get creative with dinosaur-shaped cookie cutters. The fortress setting, overlooking a tranquil canal, adds to the authentic and timeless Italian atmosphere.

Learn to make fresh pasta, like our grandmothers made them in Italy. We will teach you every process and stand by you teaching you every step. Offered in a cooking school located inside a medieval tower from the 1200s, a stone's throw from Brunelleschi's Dome. Where you will breathe the air and life of Dante Alighieri, father of the Italian language because the tower where we will cook belonged to his wife's family.

Indulge your love of Italian food in Tuscany, and enjoy a full-day tour that combines a market visit with a cooking class and 4-course meal with wine! After scouting out quality local ingredients at a historical Florence food market, travel to a rustic farmhouse in Tuscany, surrounded by exquisite countryside. Then, prepare your feast of pasta, bruschetta and Tuscan roast pork, plus beloved desserts such as tiramisu, before savoring the creations with Tuscan wine. Up to four glasses of wine are included throughout the day as well as a cooking diploma and the recipes.

Roll up your sleeves and learn how to make fresh pasta like an Italian and secret techniques for creating a perfect tiramisù in a locally loved restaurant. End by feasting on the dishes you've prepared, served with wine, limoncello and coffee. You will have plenty of time to ask questions about Italian cuisine to your host At the end of the cooking class, you can choose to stay in the restaurant with your new friends or venture out to explore the nearby streets that make up lovely Santa Spirito neighborhood.

Fun, passion & the irresistible taste of Italian food! Feel the warmth of a real Italian kitchen in Florence as you roll soft dough, spread fragrant tomato sauce, and watch your pizza bubble to life in the oven. Guided step by step by our friendly chef, you'll also discover the creamy magic of gelato during a live show-cooking session. Then comes the best part — tasting everything you’ve made, still warm, fresh, and full of flavor. But the experience doesn’t end there: you’ll receive our digital recipe booklet, so you can bring a slice of Italy home and recreate the joy anytime. It’s more than a class — it’s a celebration of flavor, fun, and Italian culinary passion, perfect for families, couples, or solo food lovers. With just 20 guests per group, you’ll enjoy a personal and hands-on adventure. ✨ Family-Friendly Special Option Available! Traveling with kids? Select our Family-Friendly Special Option at checkout — children enjoy the full experience at 50% off the adult price!

1. Discover the secrets of authentic Italian cuisine A historic restaurant in the heart of Florence, with views of the Duomo dome and an atmosphere that takes you back in time. 2. Passionate Experts Learn from Italian chefs specializing in fresh pasta and tiramisu, who will guide you step by step. They are accompanied by an expert guide who will enrich the experience with fascinating stories about Florence, transforming the cooking class into a cultural journey. 3. A Complete Experience From preparing pasta to tasting selected wines, every detail is designed to let you experience the true essence of Florence. This course combines cooking, history, and tasting for a unique and unforgettable experience. 4. Memories and Skills In addition to creating delicious dishes, you will take home precious memories and new skills that you can use to recreate the Italian experience anywhere.

Explore one of the most iconic masterpieces of the Italian Renaissance with ease by booking skip-the-line tickets to Florence's Accademia Gallery (Galleria dell'Accademia). Choose from various entry times, make your own way to the museum, and breeze past the lines to go straight inside. Once there, you can marvel at Michelangelo's famous 'David' sculpture and other renowned artworks at your leisure.

The Accademia Gallery is known for its impressive collection of renowned artworks by famous artists, including Michelangelo's iconic sculpture of David. This masterpiece stands as a symbol of the artistry and craftsmanship of the Renaissance. In addition to David, visitors to the gallery can also appreciate Michelangelo's unfinished sculptures, known as the Prisoners. These sculptures provide a fascinating insight into the artist's creative process and demonstrate his exceptional skill. Alongside these sculptures, the gallery also houses a collection of religious paintings by artists such as Sandro Botticelli and Domenico Ghirlandaio. These paintings offer a glimpse into the rich artistic heritage of Florence during the Renaissance period